Kuki Argentine idakunze kugira abakinnyi b'abirabura mu ikipe y'igihugu?
Iyo havuzwe ikipe y'igihugu ya Argentine, benshi bahita batekereza ku mazina akomeye nka Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi cyangwa Ángel Di María. Ariko hari ikibazo kimaze imyaka myinshi kibazwa n'abakurikiranira hafi umupira w'amaguru: ni ukubera iki iyi kipe idakunze kugaragaramo abakinnyi b'abirabura nk'uko bimeze mu bindi bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo? Igisubizo kiri mu mateka y'iki gihugu, imiterere y'abaturage bacyo ndetse n'ingaruka z'ivangura ryabayeho mu bihe byashize.
Argentine ni kimwe mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo gifite amateka yihariye ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'abaturage. Mu kinyejana cya 18 n'icya 19, igihugu cyari gifite abaturage benshi bakomokaga muri Afurika, bazanywe nk'abacakara n'Abanyaburayi. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bwa Esipanye, abirabura bari bagize igice gifatika cy'abaturage, cyane cyane mu murwa mukuru Buenos Aires no mu yindi mijyi minini.
Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ishira, umubare w'abaturage bakomoka muri Afurika waragabanutse cyane. Amateka agaragaza ko benshi bapfuye bazize intambara, cyane cyane Intambara ya Triple Alliance (1864–1870), ndetse n'indwara zikomeye nka yellow fever yadutse mu 1871. Hari n'abashyingiranwe n'abandi baturage ku buryo ababakomokaho batangiye kubarurwa mu yandi moko, bituma umubare w'abiyitaga Abanyafurika ugenda ugabanuka mu mibare y'ibarura rusange.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, ubutegetsi bwa Argentine bwashyize imbere politiki yo kwakira abimukira benshi baturukaga mu Burayi, cyane cyane mu Butaliyani, Esipanye, u Budage n'ibindi bihugu. Iyi politiki yari igamije guhindura isura y'igihugu no kugiha umwihariko w'igihugu "cy'i Burayi" kiri muri Amerika y'Epfo. Ni yo mpamvu Argentine yaje kugira umubare munini w'abaturage bakomoka ku Banyaburayi kurusha ibindi bihugu byinshi byo muri ako karere.
Ibi byatumye havuka imyumvire yamamaye ko "Abanya-Argentine bakomoka mu Burayi." Mu mvugo yakunze gusubirwamo mu myaka myinshi, bamwe bavugaga ko "Abanya-Mexique bakomotse ku Basangwabutaka, Abanya-Brésil bakomotse mu mashyamba, naho Abanya-Argentine bakomotse mu mato yaturukaga i Burayi." Nubwo iyi mvugo yari igamije kwerekana amateka y'abimukira, yanagaragazaga uburyo igihugu cyishyiraga kure y'umuco n'amateka y'Abanyafurika n'Abasangwabutaka, ibintu byakomeje kunengwa n'abashakashatsi n'imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Abanya-Argentine bakomoka muri Polonye
Abahanga mu mateka bavuga ko ivangura ritabaye gusa irishingiye ku mategeko, ahubwo ryagaragaraga no mu buryo amateka yandikwagamo ndetse no mu mashuri, aho uruhare rw'Abanyafurika mu kubaka Argentine rwakunze kwirengagizwa. Ibyo byatumye mu myaka myinshi abantu benshi bumva ko muri Argentine nta baturage b'abirabura babayo, nyamara hari umuryango ukiriho n'ubwo ari muto.
Iyi miterere y'abaturage ni yo yageze no mu mupira w'amaguru. Kubera ko umubare w'Abanya-Argentine b'abirabura ari muto cyane, amahirwe yo kubona benshi mu marerero no mu makipe yabaye make ugereranyije n'ibihugu nka Brésil, Ubufaransa cyangwa u Bwongereza. Ibi ni byo bituma amakipe y'igihugu ya Argentine agaragaramo cyane abakinnyi bakomoka ku miryango y'Abanyaburayi.
Abirabura babaga muri Argentine
Nubwo hari abakeka ko kutabona abakinnyi b'abirabura mu ikipe y'igihugu biterwa n'ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu gusa, abasesenguzi benshi bagaragaza ko impamvu nyamukuru ari amateka y'imiterere y'abaturage. Icyakora, ntibihakana ko mu mupira wa Argentine hagiye humvikana ibirego by'ivangura n'amagambo asesereza agamije abakomoka muri Afurika cyangwa abandi bakinnyi bafite uruhu rwirabura, ibintu byagiye bituma igihugu gisabwa gukomeza kurwanya ivangura muri siporo.
Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba hari umwirabura wigeze gukinira Argentine, igisubizo ni yego. Umwe mu bazwi cyane ni Alejaundro de los Santos, wabaye umukinnyi wa mbere w'umwirabura uzwi wakiniye ikipe y'igihugu ya Argentine mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20.
Umwirabura Alejaundro de los Santos wakiniye Argentine
Yakinnye mu mwaka wa 1907 ndetse anitabazwa mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga icyo gihe. Nyuma ye, nta bandi bakinnyi benshi b'abirabura bongeye kugaragara mu buryo buhoraho muri iyi kipe, ari na byo byatumye iki kibazo gikomeza kuba ingingo y'ibiganiro kugeza n'ubu.
Kubura cyangwa kuba hake kw'abakinnyi b'abirabura mu ikipe y'igihugu ya Argentine si inkuru ituruka gusa ku mupira w'amaguru, ahubwo ni igisubizo cy'amateka y'igihugu, politiki z'abimukira, imiterere y'abaturage n'ingaruka z'ivangura ryabayeho mu bihe bitandukanye. Nubwo hari abakinnyi bake b'abirabura banditse amateka muri iyi kipe, kugeza ubu Argentine iracyari kimwe mu bihugu bifite ikipe y'igihugu igaragaza cyane inkomoko y'abaturage bayo, ari na byo bituma iki kibazo gikomeza gukurura impaka mu bakunzi ba ruhago no mu bashakashatsi b'amateka ya siporo.
Jacques Roger NSHIMIYIMANA
